2012年8月14日 星期二

The Nature of Rationality

Rationality 是Simon 學說中的關鍵語 事實上Simon的著作中也可編成類似的一本書

The Nature of Rationality By Robert Nozick:合理性的本質--此書的索引告訴我們它引用Simon 學說6次/處--The Nature of Rationality - Robert Nozick - Google Books 可查出3處

The Nature of Rationality
Robert Nozick

Paper | 1994 | $31.95 / £21.95 | ISBN: 9780691020969
242 pp. | 6 x 9
eBook | $31.95 | ISBN: 9781400820832
Where to buy this ebook
Shopping Cart | Reviews | Table of Contents
Google full text of this book:
 
Repeatedly and successfully, the celebrated Harvard philosopher Robert Nozick has reached out to a broad audience beyond the confines of his discipline, addressing ethical and social problems that matter to every thoughtful person. Here Nozick continues his search for the connections between philosophy and "ordinary" experience. In the lively and accessible style that his readers have come to expect, he offers a bold theory of rationality, the one characteristic deemed to fix humanity's "specialness." What are principles for? asks Nozick. We could act simply on whim, or maximize our self-interest and recommend that others do the same. As Nozick explores rationality of decision and rationality of belief, he shows how principles actually function in our day-to-day thinking and in our efforts to live peacefully and productively with each other.
Throughout, the book combines daring speculations with detailed investigations to portray the nature and status of rationality and the essential role that imagination plays in this singular human aptitude.
Reviews:
"Robert Nozick's brief, vivid, energetic, intensely personal and enviably clever book attacks head-on the question of what rationality really is."--John Dunn, The Times Higher Education Supplement
"Robert Nozick always attacks his problems in a disconcertingly original way. . . . From Mr. Nozick you always expect fireworks. . . . The questions he addresses are fundamental in the true philosophical sense: Why exactly should we want to act and believe rationally? Why should we formulate principles of action and try to stick to them? The questions are not moral but explicatory. He is not out to argue that unprincipled or irrational behavior is immoral; rather, he invites us to consider what we are trying to do, and what the justification for such behavior is. . . . Sure to attract a great deal of interest."--Anthony Gottlieb, The New York Times Book Review
"To Nozick, rationality and belief are each an evolutionary adaptation to a world that changes in nonregular ways. Our acts resonate with symbolic meaning and 'stand for' our principles and beliefs. In this boldly original . . . inquiry which will reward serious students of philosophy, Nozick uses decision theory to propose new rules of rational decision-making that take into account the symbolic, practical, and evolutionary components of our behavior . . . . this challenging treatise champions reason as a faculty that enables us to transcend our mere animal status and to strive toward goals by the light of principles."--Publishers Weekly
"From Mr. Nozick you always expect fireworks. . . . The questions he addresses are fundamental in the true philosophical sense: Why exactly should we want to act and believe rationally?"--The New York Times Book Review

合理性的本質
  • 作者：（美）諾奇克
  • 出版社：上海譯文出版社
  • 出版日期：2012年
  •  内容简介   · · · · · · 
    　　《合理性的本质》一本出版于1993年。此书主要探讨人类理性选择及信仰的性 质，分析了日常生活中的行为准则问题。诺齐克基本上持一种自然主义的立场，综合理论决定论、生物学、心理学以及心灵哲学等各学科知识，认为人类这种独特的 能力是人类社会长期进化的结果。这本书出版后，得到了哲学界的普遍肯定与重视

    作者简介   · · · · · · 

    　　罗伯特·诺奇克（Robert Nozick，1938-2002），美国哈佛大学哲学教授，20世纪70、80年代与罗尔斯齐名的政治哲学家，因其在《无政府、国家与乌托邦》 一书中对自由至上主义做辩护而为国内外学者广泛关注。主要著作有：《无政府、国家与包括邦》、《合理性的本质》、《反思生活》等。

    目录  · · · · · ·

    致谢
    导论
    1.如何以原则做事
    智识功能
    人际间功能
    个人性功能
    克服诱惑
    沉没成本
    象征效用
    目的论装置
    2.决策价值
    纽科姆难题
    囚徒困境
    更精细的区分：结果与目标
    3.合理信念
    认知目标
    对理由的回应性
    合理性的诸规则
    信念
    偏见
    4.进化的理由
    理由与事实
    适合度与功能
    合理性的功能
    5.工具合理性及其局限
    工具合理性够了吗
    合理偏好
    可检验性、解释和条件化
    哲学启发法
    合理性的想象
    主题索引
    人名索引
    译后记
  •  
  •  倫敦書評和答辯

    Ian Hacking reviews 'The Nature of Rationality' by Robert Nozick ...

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2012年8月12日 星期日

重批 Milton Friedman 的學說和方法論

 
我們到巴里島……和希臘的羅德島一樣……特質已改變，觀光業吞噬了它。1963年來此地時，我們買回了漂亮的雕刻品……現在找不到和以前品質不相上下的小型雕刻品。這樣的東西肯定有，只是佔非常低比率的市場。

《兩個幸運的人》(Memoirs of Milton and Rose D. Friedman)台北：先覺社，1999，頁773 (這本書由兩人翻譯、所以某些名詞的翻譯不一致，譬如說某大學的校名。

對於身為Herbert Simon 的朋友的我們  Milton  Friedman 的學說只是馬馬虎虎的"一流"作品
參考Simon 的諾貝爾獎答謝演說

Stephen Moore: The Man Who Saved Capitalism 

 Memoirs of Milton and Rose D. Friedman
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2012年8月1日 星期三

The Cosmos Club 與我們





2012.8.1
  據胡適日記1938.11.26 他在華盛頓 the Cosmos Club 聽Laski 演講 Laski 大罵人英國前首相 Chamberlain 胡適則花20分中為其辯護

Laski, Harold Joseph (1893-1950) 英國著名政治學教授


"政治典範"翻譯的故事: 讀杭立武先生訪問紀錄　訪問紀錄 : 林衡道 魏火曜 杭立武
可以知名杭先生是Laski 教授的弟子
杭先生先寫政治典範一書的要義出版 然後知道張譯政治典範
因此 杭詳細校讀 政治典範
並詳細說明誤譯之處
可惜 這些可能都沒有更正過來




2008 年 我問Dr. Deming 的學生 Bill Scherkenbach
他回答(部分)
"...As his student, and because I lived in the Washington DC area, I would meet him for lunch as his guest at the Cosmos Club and discuss his latest thoughts and questions. ..."

我在1998/99問過 Simon 這 the Cosmos Club
Simon很熱情跟我解釋它.....


2009的舊文重刊
The Cosmos Club 與我們

由紐約時報的報導
Science Times: March 3, 2009

In a Lonely Cosmos, a Hunt for Worlds Like Ours

By DENNIS OVERBYE
PEERING DEEPLY The primary mirror of the Kepler telescope. The craft’s mission is to discover Earth-like planets in Earth-like places.
Ball Aerospace
PEERING DEEPLY The primary mirror of the Kepler telescope. The craft’s mission is to discover Earth-like planets in Earth-like places.
A new spacecraft is about to embark on a mission to find other planets like Earth.

這Cosmos 是希臘以還的觀念 相對的就是我們稱之渾沌的◆【対】chaos
━━ n. 名（the 〜） （秩序整然たる）宇宙; 秩序, 調和/ 〔秩序ある体系としての〕宇宙｛うちゅう｝

美國首府的The Cosmos Club 我一定讀 Deming的作品就知道它
所以約1999我翻譯到 Herbert Simon的回憶錄 Models of My Life 時 提到年輕壯遊到過此地
就寫email 請教他
老年的Simon 熱情地向我解釋它

2008年我問 Bill Scherkenbach 一困擾我的問題
Deming 博士 1978年來台講學時 沒提到他在準備一本後來取名 Quality, Productivity and Competitive Position 的書它究竟何時成書的呢

Bill 回信之一部分
Quality, Productivity and Competitive Position came out of the notes he used for teaching a course at George Washington University. He probably started writing it in the late ‘70s. Before 14 Points.

As his student, and because I lived in the Washington DC area, I would meet him for lunch as his guest at the Cosmos Club and discuss his latest thoughts and questions. I helped him on QPCP by making comments on the manuscript. I think he wanted a younger person’s opinion.


今天三八節 我找一下 Wikipedia 其中已有它的介紹
The Cosmos Club is a social club founded in Washington D.C. by John Wesley Powell in 1878. Clarence Edward Dutton, Henry Smith Pritchett, William Harkness, John Shaw Billings were original members. Among its stated goals is "The advancement of its members in science, literature, and art".[1]
Its members have included many recipients of the Nobel Prize, Pulitzer Prize and Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Contents

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History

The Club originally met in the Corcoran Building on the corner of 15th and F Streets, Northwest, but moved to Lafayette Square in 1882. Eventually, the Club occupied the Tayloe and Dolley Madison Houses on the Eastern side of the Square, and razed two rowhouses between them for additional space. Prompted to relocate by the Federal government, the Club moved to the Townsend mansion at the intersection of Massachusetts and Florida Avenues in Northwest Washington in 1952.
Since 1887, the regular meeting place of the Philosophical Society of Washington has been the assembly hall of the Cosmos Club, now called the John Wesley Powell auditorium. The National Geographic Society was founded in the Cosmos Club in 1888.
For its first 110 years, the Cosmos Club did not permit women members, and forbade female guests to enter by the front door or to enter rooms reserved for members. In 1988, the Washington D.C. Human Rights Office ruled that there was probable cause to believe that the club's men-only policy violated the city's anti-discrimination law. The Office was ready to order public hearings on the case, which could have resulted in the loss of all city licenses and permits if the all-male policy had continued.

Members

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

See also


External links


References

^ Cosmos Club Official Site
  • Presidents in the Cosmos
  • Spaulding, Thomas M. (1949). The Cosmos Club on Lafayette Square. Washington, D.C.: The Cosmos Club.
  • Crossette, George (1966). Founders of The Cosmos Club of Washington, 1878. Washington, D.C.: The Cosmos Club.
  • Washburn, Wilcomb E. (1978). The Cosmos Club of Washington : a centennial history, 1878-1978. Washington, D.C.: The Cosmos Club.



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